VIMS seagrass program ramps up for annual restoration effort
SAV Submerged aquatic vegetation provides food and refuge for many marine organisms.
Broadcasting Seeds VIMS researcher broadcasts eelgrass seeds in the seaside bays of Virginia's Eastern Shore.
Underwater Grass Beds Submerged aquatic vegetation or SAV is a key habitat in Chesapeake Bay.
Amphipods Small shrimp-like creatures called amphipods thrive in grass beds, providing food for larger Bay organisms.
Before This pair of before (June) and after (Dec) aerial photos from the bayside eastern shore of Maryland shows the seagrass die-back observed by VIMS researchers throughout the lower Bay during the very warm summer of 2005.
After This pair of before (June) and after (Dec) aerial photos from the bayside eastern shore of Maryland clearly shows the seagrass die-back observed by VIMS researchers throughout the lower Bay during the very warm summer of 2005.
Seed Collection A VIMS researcher collects flowering shoots from eelgrass plants. The seeds will be used for restoration.
Eelgrass Fruits Fruits of the eelgrass Zostera marina. Each fruit is about the size of a rice grain.
Eelgrass Seeds Seeds of the eelgrass Zostera marina. Each seed is smaller than a rice grain.
Seed Tank SAV researcher Scott Marion helps eelgrass seeds drop from flowering shoots for later collection. The seeds will be used for restoration.
The seagrass program at the Virginia Institute of Marine Science is collaborating with The Nature Conservancy to use volunteers, especially recreational divers and snorkelers, to help collect eelgrass seeds this spring in the seaside bays of Virginia’s Eastern Shore.
VIMS scientists have been restoring eelgrass to these bays since 1997. Their efforts have resulted in the largest and most successful seagrass restoration project in the world, with 23 million eelgrass seeds broadcast onto 208 acres in Virginia’s southern coastal bays during the last decade. These restored sites have now spread naturally to more than 2,430 acres.
The project is a collaborative effort between VIMS’ Submerged Aquatic Vegetation (SAV) program, led by VIMS Professor JJ Orth, and The Nature Conservancy. The project operates under the banner of the Seaside Heritage Program, part of the Virginia Coastal Zone Management Program.
The upcoming seed-collection effort is scheduled to take place between mid-May and mid-June. Exact dates and times cannot be announced until closer to mid-May because timing of eelgrass seed production depends on spring weather conditions.
Program partners are aiming to attract 100 volunteers, with a goal of harvesting up to 10 million seeds. Volunteers will collect the seeds from eelgrass plants in South Bay, offshore of Oyster, Virginia, in water about waist deep.
The seeds will be transported to The Nature Conservancy’s seagrass facility on Oyster harbor. Seeds will be held in large tanks with flowing seawater until their planting in the coastal bays in the fall.
Orth notes that the success of past plantings in Virginia’s southern coastal bays provides a bright spot in regional efforts to restore eelgrass. Another bright spot, says Orth, is “The continuing recovery of eelgrass in the lower portions of the Bay, particularly in light of the dramatic losses of eelgrass in 2005 following its baywide die-off”.
Eelgrass is challenged in the Bay by a combination of poor water quality and increasing water temperatures. Virginia’s eelgrass is at the southern edge of its thermal range, making it susceptible to water temperatures even slightly higher than normal.
Bay grasses in general also suffer from high turbidity, which blocks the sunlight they need in order to thrive. Turbidity in the Bay is elevated due to sediment runoff from farmland and storm sewers, and nutrient-fueled blooms of algae.
Orth says the success of eelgrass in Virginia’s coastal bays reflects their cooler and clearer waters. Historically, the bays were covered with vast eelgrass beds until the 1930s, when a wasting disease and a powerful hurricane all but wiped them out. A lack of natural seeding then kept the bays largely eelgrass free into the 1990s.
“We got a report of a little patch of eelgrass in South Bay in 1996,” says Orth. “That’s when the light went on that conditions there might be ripe for recovery, as long as there was a source of seeds.” Orth and colleagues began experimental restoration efforts the following year with both seeds and transplanted shoots, and have spent the last decade perfecting the techniques needed to successfully harvest, keep, and plant eelgrass seeds.
Seed collection during the upcoming trials will be timed around the daily low tides. Collection trips will last 4-5 hours and boat transportation will be provided to the site from the public boat ramp in Oyster.
A training workshop for interested volunteers will be held Monday, May 18th at 7:00 pm. at the University of Virginia’s Anheuser-Busch Center for Coastal Research in Oyster. Volunteers will learn how to identify and collect the reproductive shoots from the eelgrass plants.
Volunteers must pre-register in order to participate. Registration forms will be available at the training workshop or by contacting Jennifer Rich, volunteer coordinator, at 434-951-0572 or [email protected], or Bev Watson, Virginia Coast Reserve, at 757-442-3049 or [email protected]